"Science cannot solve the ultimate mystery of Nature. And it is because in the last analysis we ourselves are part of the mystery we are trying to solve." - Max Planck.
Let me postulate a few simple and bordering-on-the-silly seed-ideas.
Let us perform a very difficult experiment, pretending that we have the means and tools to successfully complete the operations. Given a large container filled with black hole matter. We empty the container, that is, remove the space itself and its occupants. It will be immediately filled with other matter in the vicinity, say a star or dust cloud. We repeat the operation until the container is filled with only the physical space i.e. empty. We take the physical space out of the container, it will be filled with space of a lesser density. If we empty the container again, it will be filled with space of an even lesser density. If we continue to repeat the operation, eventually the container will be filled with Spacuum.
The experiment is like emptying a jar full of water. It will be immediately filled by air. If we empty the jar again of the air in space above earth, it will be filled up by the space around it. And so on . . . .
Thus one can define space-density differentials comprising the universe in contiguous unevenly shaped bodies and irregular regions of physical space. Say, specific space bodies containing super-massive black holes are infinitely dense spaces at the top of the range of the space-density variable, followed by the space holding pulsars, heavy stars, light stars, dust clouds, cosmic winds, vacuum, emptiness, void, nothingness, (the real order has to be determined) down to Spacuum having a space density of zero (sdi=n(n=0) ).
In our experiment, as we have progressively emptied the container, the contents have been going into Spacuum. To satisfy the condition of seed-idea number one (1) above, every thing and every state we encounter in the universe today or will in the future, has pre-existed in Spacuum, which may be described as a state or point in which physical space, material quanta and waveforms are completely absorbed.
Particles may dissolve in space and "disappear". They may later crystalize and reappear.
If space has "nothing" in it and otherwise has no physical attributes, it follows that it doesn't exist. The "substance" that makes it possible for space to be real is a uniform force field. No, this field does not pervade space. It is space. Presence of mass affects the density of the space it occupies.
Space (for class 1 entities) and solitude (for class 2 entities) communicate with each other for an induced transfer of "something"(Cantilever Effect).
Time is not a substratum for the line of propagation of events in the universe. It is impossible to ascertain whether "past, present and future" sequence is different from "future, present and past" sequencing of events. The observed value of a property or a characteristic of an object is relative to the value "when measured last". This relationship defines the concept of "relative to itself".
Subjective time persists for an observer for an internal ordering of events because, with intelligence fully engaged, it is anchored to a personal experience of a sequential order, the principal undercurrent of which is a "sense of waiting" in a forward-looking stance, for either a beginning or a completion of a happening in its entirety or a part thereof. It is impossible to determine if two different persons have equal "interval" magnitudes in their subjective frames. Subjective intervals have a concatenating quality to them. An investigator's subjective time is projected over the venue of an experiment or other mental work being performed by her/him.A measurable property of physical space called space-density is noted, a crowding together or pulling apart on a uniform scale, of its fundamental constituents, that is space cells. Thus space density is defined as a variable ranging from -infinity to +infinity (figure B).
Click here for Figure BSo how small is the grain of space? Experiments have been set up to detect the graviton to a resolution of a hundred to a thousand millionth of a hydrogen atom. When it is discovered, it will be found that the graviton and spacon are the same quantum.
Inertia of a mass body at rest is an aggregation over its total space volume of its resolved internal density differentials and gradients. Aggregation is calculated, first, by setting up a matrix at the sub-particle level, then at a nXn particles cell level, and then progressively increasing the cell size to cover the whole volume, arriving at a representative space density magnitude for the mass body (or some other algorithm may be applied). When it interacts with another space density magnitude, repulsive or attractive force causes the mass space to move.
Propagation of a photon or a particle is powered by high-density space bodies of equal density(repulsive force) at point of separation from source, impinging on the normalizing zones of unequal density (attractive force) at the forward boundary of the particle.
Imagine that there is only one star in the universe. Space density dynamics at its boundary layers will extend its gv's outward into the lower density cells, eventually normalizing them into the ambient space and the star will 'dissolve' leaving no trace behind. Now imagine the universe without any quanta or waveforms in it. Lacking density vectors, its equal-density internals will repel each other and it will expand in every direction, eventually reaching a density of zero (Spacuum).
Strong and weak forces in the nucleus of atoms are the products of complex interactions of space density profiles. An electron's space body circling the hydrogen nucleus interacts with the higher density space of the proton, forming a corridor of equal density space bodies, their internal repulsive forces keeping the electron from collapsing into the nucleus. This is what makes an electron the tireless workhorse that never gives up. Thus no two identical electrons (equal density spaces - repulsive) can occupy the same shell in an atom - Pauli's exclusion principle.
Hubble telescope's pictures of "bent space" around galactic masses suggest compression (on the inside) and stretching (on the outside) of space elements at the arc, a clear proof that space density is a variant.
The accelerating "horizon" of the universe suggests unoccupied space of equal density internals generating repulsive expansion.
As its density drops to zero (eg virtual particles or events inside extreme black holes), an occupied space body along with its contents collapses into Spacuum. Therefore, the limit of the maximum speed of light cmax applies in the range extending from the zero+ value to a value shy of the black hole matter on the space density spectrum (figure B).
Negative values of space density variable in figure B imply that these entities do not occupy physical space and that the induced effect or communication speed by the Cantilever Effect3 through the strong and weak linkages, may exceed the speed of light cmax, like entangled particles with common antecedents in quantum mechanics.
The speed of light cvar increases ( cvar + gv) along a descending space density gradient and decreases (cvar - gv) along an ascending space density gradient or differential (Figure A). The measured space density value relevant to the maximum speed of light cmax, may be of the order of .0000000001 (10-10) units. The fixed speed of light c, may not be cmax as we don't have the corresponding space density value for it. Mathematical expression of space density may turn out to be a function of light speed cvar, as it may become possible to more accurately measure the speed of light over shorter distances.
The hypothesis of Master Code puts all constituents of the universe on an inter-linked footing, with a bias
for the precedence of a nascent Life Code (Conceptual Intelligence) over the expression of the first seed space cell.
(Please see the following Genesis of mass). The workings of the Genetic Code portion (discovered) are well understood and are
being vigorously investigated. The Cosmic Code portion (undiscovered) expressed the very first
quantized space density differentials and gradients for
sub-particles, particles and valid combinations for composites for the genesis of mass
in succession, as shown in the graphic below, e.g. a sequence expressed the proton as three quarks
in uud arrangement. The key to the Master code lies in the undiscovered properties of strings of unused
sequences in the DNA Code as it resides within it.
The properties imply the inter-dependence of the Genetic Code and the Cosmic Code
at some level within the framework of the overriding Master Code, perhaps ultimately initiating
"The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology" at some stage of evolution.
A critical point of precedence to note is that in this model, although the bias is for the
potential of a Life Code in an immaterial form, its eventual expression into a viable DNA code for life
based on elements of organic chemistry awaited the genesis of physical mass and formation of elements
and an environment in which the first living cell could take hold, thrive and evolve.
Space density cell arrangements of gradient vectors constituting an electron, up and down quarks, a proton and positive and negative charges. Colors and solids denote different densities.
A cell of seed space si is postulated.
A reference seed space density sd(i=nonzero) corresponding to the maximum velocity of light cmax is
postulated. The velocity of light traversing a body of space with sd(i=nonzero) is defined as
the velocity of light cmax which cannot be exceeded by class 1 entities. The designation
for si with sdi=1delta is ssdi=n(n=1).
Derived from the antecedent of the DNA Code, a property of one ssdi=n(n=1) multiplying into two identicals is ascribed to it.
This property is identical to one possessed by a fertilized egg in a mother's womb16 (Nascent Central Dogma).
Mutation, statistical fluctuation is defined as the ability to alter space cell density
without applying mass quanta or waveforms to it.
When the "originating mechanism" (Master Code) initiated the creation of the universe9, from Spacuum came the first ssdi=n(n=1) and it started to multiply, forming an expanding body of space with a uniform density (inflationary epoch). Statistical fluctuation played its part and the density of some ssdi=n(n=1) in the space body became unequal to sdi=n(n=1) such that many cells in ssdi=n(n=1,2,3.....infinity) population came into being. The Master Code governed the formation of specific space density vectors and an internal granular tension arose in the space body. Following the concept of undifferentiated stem cells from the developing foetus16, the next picture of the emerging proto-universe looks like figure C shown here.
It shows the space 'pregnant' with undifferentiated, unipolar, dissolved matter soon to come under the influence of two contra-rotating "vortices", one representing the quantum and the other the waveform, the working arms of the originating force (duality) - the mechanism of the following initiation to bipolarity of mass. The vortices moved on each other, neutralized and raised the temperature to an infinite height, thus commencing the differentiation phase, in which the specific massless density vectors accelerated against the drag of space's ubiquitous force field and acquired their respective masses. The members of the quark family, gluon, W and Z particles, electron, charge, neutrinos etc. came into the form we see today. There were no photons yet and the ambient space was jet black. With the temperature falling in the expanding space, the stage was set for the quarks to coalesce into first protons and neutrons, thus paving the way for the first nucleus to form, leading to the first emission of massless photons when the compressing masses became hot. If photons had been present in the earlier differentiation phase, they would have acquired mass and size.
It may turn out that the "vortices" were the forerunner of the present "Central Dogma of the molecular biology".1. It will be confirmed that the evolutionary thrust in the universe pushes mass towards the high end of the space density spectrum. The hypothesis is that the density of the first seed space was about 10-10 spacon d units. Ultimately, the density of occupied space bodies will attain a value approaching infinity.
2. Space-density coefficients for individual sub-particles, particles and the chemical elements (their atoms and molecules) will be developed and included in the periodic table data. This will enable a first-round calculation of the aggregated space-density value for the earth, the moon and the planets and eventually the sun. This milepost will launch the discipline of TL-Cosmology, that is, timeless cosmology.
3. Further work is required to quantify the variations in the speed of light as it traverses regions of space with a rising or falling density gradient, a clear violation. See Click here for Figure A
4. The theory predicts that black holes are "mass transformers". A reference black hole is defined as having a mass transforming space density, i.e. a threshold space density value at or above which it transforms ordinary matter into an exotic black form. The transformed masses, in turn may be feeding the Spacuum. If this is true, completed cycle will confirm the truth of the seed-idea 5.
5. After the discovery of the graviton, focus may shift to the discovery of the space particle or waveform, the 'spacon' and its antiparticle 'opspacon'. Graviton and spacon will turn out to be same quantum.
6. Cosmology will be obliged to address the expression of the first "matter" from a unipolar to a bipolar state. Scientific "Big Bang" implies an explosion. The "originating mechanism" was a quiet transiton with an instantaneous rise in temperature to what has been described as "infinite temperature" in cosmology.
7. Hypothesis is that the "originating mechanism" behind the manifest universe is present in all its constituents, including the human being. If this force initiated the universe out of nothingness, then a human being - after proper training to acquire the expertise, should be able to create matter out of nothing. My prediction is that one day it will rain in brilliant, highly polished diamond crystals of flawless quality.
8. Probiotic Space Sciences will become an established discipline in the academic institutions. Programs will be offered to students at the undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels. Recognized academic studies and lab research projects will compete for funding.
9. There lies buried, somewhere on the earth, a pyramid of base of approximately 11.11 meters (one side) of almost 100% pure carbon in crystaline form.
10. Astrophysicists will discover at least one planet composed of almost 100% pure carbon in crystaline form.
In the relativistic model, gravity is an interaction between two masses mediated by the curvature of space. In the accelerating expansion of the universe, it is the space doing the expanding. What possible force can gravity or mass exercise on the expanding space, in this model?
Probabilistic modeling and the associated mathematics are intellectual tools being applied to ascertain the quantum phenomena, from the outside, in an investigator-subject relationship. They cannot be superposed on the subject, characterizing it with its color just because we like the results. Only subjective time and cantilevers are projected on to a subject area.
While an atom moves through space, does ambient space course through its empty corridors or is the atom's space held by it and moves relative to the ambient space?
A photon moving through space at cmax has no time component in the spacetime dimension. How can its speed be measured in units of objective time?
I submit that 15 square meters of a sphere's surface area are not equal to 15 square meters of a flat surface - a mathematical anomaly.
As space is expanding, does this mean that new space is being added to the universe?
Did physical laws evolve or were they set from get-go? Does nature "know" mathematical principles or engineering standards? Scientific measurements are of analogues or some property of the real thing.
Nothing, ever, is said of the "thickness" of the layer of space in which galaxies form and evolve ( the universe is without a center).
Would someone explain to me what is meant by "one (constant unit) plus one (constant unit) equals two (identicals)" or ".1 + .1 = .2" . One of what, at what level of their constituents, their momenta or spins? If we include Pauli's exclusion principle, obviously, it does not apply to electrons. If phase transition includes the birth of a new entity, then the original "one" is annihilated17. Yet we apply such logic to gain an understanding of the most complex phenomena in nature.
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